ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Sensitivity Analysis of CubeSat Orbital Parameters for Enhancing
Revisit Time and Regional Coverage: A Case Study of the
Najran–Yemen Desert Border
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Aerospace Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Submission date: 2025-11-29
Final revision date: 2026-04-03
Acceptance date: 2026-05-20
Publication date: 2026-09-07
Corresponding author
Asia Habila
Aerospace Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
Journal of Undergraduate Research International 2026;2(2):1-8
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ABSTRACT
Frequent satellite observations play an important role in enhancing the security of border regions. However, maintaining adequate coverage by using a single CubeSat remains challenging. This study investigates the feasibility of employing a single CubeSat to monitor the Najran–Yemen desert border by optimizing orbital parameters to minimize revisit time while preserving effective regional coverage. This study aimed to determine the orbital configuration, specifically the optimal values of inclination and right ascension of the ascending node (RAAN) to maximize temporal access to the targeted area. A one-year simulation was conducted using Systems Tool Kit (STK) software, in which a nadir-pointing CMOS sensor with fixed imaging parameters was attached to the CubeSat. Two main orbital scenarios were analyzed: a Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) and a user-defined orbit with varying inclinations and RAAN values. Coverage and Figure-of-Merit (FoM) tools in STK were used to generate coverage metrics, including the overall coverage percentage. The results reveal that the SSO configuration exhibits very long revisit intervals and limited temporal visibility across the border. In contrast, the optimized orbit reduces the average revisit time by more than one order of magnitude and increases access opportunities by over threefold compared to the SSO baseline, with optimal performance achieved at an inclination of 20° and RAAN = 120°. These findings confirm that careful orbital tuning improves temporal monitoring capability, providing a practical approach for efficient single-satellite border surveillance.