A search for a sorbent capable of simultaneously extracting both phosphate anions and ammonium cations from a highly competitive medium like the biological environment of the human’s body was realized. For this purpose a comparative study of a sorption of ammonium and phosphate ions from aquatic environments in the absence of any backgrounds electrolytes and from Ringer's solution by activated charcoal, its oxidized forms and mineral amorphous sorbents – powdered titanium silicate, as well as spherically granular hydrous zirconium silicate and titanium dioxide, obtained by original methods of synthesis, as well as some of their ion-substituted forms in comparison with commercially available silica gel was carried out. The features of the sorption of ammonium cations and phosphate anions by the studied sorbents are discussed. It was established that sorption properties of the sorbents depend strongly from their chemical nature. It determines a selectivity of ion-exchange and a possibility of chemosorption processes in Ringer's solution. A relationship between the sorption of calcium cations and phosphate anions from Ringer's solution was supposed which made it possible to assume the chemosorption mechanism. Based on the sorption mechanism understanding the sorption properties of titanium silicate with respect to phosphate anions were considerable improved by converting the initial sample into Ca- and Ce-ion-substituted forms without significant loss of its high sorption properties toward ammonium cations.