The fine quartz particle hydration and effects of metal ions on the hydration characteristics of fine quartz surface are investigated using the rheological experiment. Several important factors affecting hydration factors, such as particle sphericity, solution pH, ion species, ion concentration were investigated. The results show that viscosity and hydration factor of fine quartz suspension increase with the increase of solution pH. wherein quartz particles have more negative charges on the surface in alkaline environment and strong hydration repulsion; The introduction of metal ions enhances the hydration strength of fine quartz surface to a certain extent. In contrast, high valence and high concentration will increase the viscosity of fine quartz suspension, and the hydration factors of particle surface also increase. At the same ion concentration, the order of influence on the hydration factors of fine quartz particles is Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺. This finding has been attributed to the combination of metal ion hydration and its adsorption on the mineral surface. This study will provide the theoretical guiding significance for the refractory coal slime water and other mineral processing wastewater containing quartz particles.