Currently, in science, rapid development in the use of new research methods takes place. Examples of these methods are scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis performed using derivatograph, grain size analysis performed using laser particulate measuring instruments, density measurements using gas pycnometers and measurements of specific surface area carried out using the Blaine detector. These methods can be used in almost any field of science dealing with solids. Modern methods are also used in studies of properties of raw materials and mineral wastes. Further studies, using the above and other advanced testing methods will create comprehensive testing procedures for mineral raw materials and waste. The paper presents progressive research methodology of using modern measuring devices to determine physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of fly ashes. In the theoretical part the characteristics of different research methods and the principles of operation of test equipment were described. In the practical part the methodology and exemplary results were presented.