ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modeling an FPGA-Accelerated Cloud Security Using a SmartNIC-Based VPN Forwarding Architecture
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Computer Engineering, KFUPM, Saudi Arabia
Submission date: 2025-11-27
Final revision date: 2026-02-28
Acceptance date: 2026-08-20
Publication date: 2026-09-27
Journal of Undergraduate Research International 2026;2(3A):44-51
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ABSTRACT
In this study, a Smart Network Interface Card (SmartNIC)-based architecture that uses a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)
to secure cloud traffic before it enters a provider’s infrastructure was explored. The growing reliance on cloud computing has introduced
significant privacy concerns, as cloud administrators may retain access to sensitive tenant data despite existing access controls.
To address this, a software-defined model was developed to evaluate how the system establishes keys, encrypts data, and forwards
packets of different network sizes. The architecture offloads encryption, encapsulation, and forwarding to an externally managed
FPGA accelerator, keeping user data outside the administrative domain of the cloud provider simulation. The results demonstrate
predictable key negotiations, stable encrypted-forwarding, and strong scalability across all test scenarios. The findings of this study
suggest that FPGA-accelerated SmartNICs can offer an effective and practical path for improving cloud-data privacy without relying
on computationally heavy cryptographic techniques.