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MARKERY MOLEKULARNE WYKORZYSTYWANE W SELEKCJI ZWIERZĄT HODOWLANYCH
 
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UP w Lublinie, Wydział Biologii, Nauk o Zwierzętach i Biogospodarki
 
 
Publication date: 2021-07-27
 
 
2018;(592):37-49
 
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Selekcja i dobór osobników do kojarzeń jest istotnym etapem pracy hodowlanej. Jednym z najstarszych i najbardziej powszechnych kryteriów decydujących o wyborze zwierząt do dalszych kojarzeń są cechy fenotypowe. W celu osiągnięcia lepszych efektów hodowlanych, klasyczną selekcję coraz częściej uzupełnia się wynikami badań wykorzystującymi markery molekularne powiązane z cechami użytkowymi. Pierwotnie stosowane markery były oparte na polimorfizmie losowo amplifikowanych fragmentów DNA i polimorfizmie długości fragmentów restrykcyjnych. Rozwój technik molekularnych i genomiki pozwoliły na pełniejsze zrozumienie podłoża genetycznego cech użytkowych i tym samym na wprowadzenie bardziej informatywnych technik opartych na polimorfizmie sekwencji mikrosatelitarnych, jak i wielkoskalowych analizach genomowych wielu tysięcy polimorficznych nukleotydów. W pracy przedstawiono najczęściej wykorzystywane markery molekularne, scharakteryzowano zasadę ich oznaczania oraz przedstawiono przykłady ich zastosowania w naukach zootechnicznych.
 
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