Podstawowym celem przedstawionych badań było testowanie hipotez o możliwym wpływie czynników społeczno-kulturowych na istniejące różnice płciowe w zakresie empatyzowania oraz systematyzowania. W pierwszym badaniu kontrolowano efekt zmiennej aprobaty społecznej na różnice płciowe w tych dwóch wymiarach. W badaniu drugim testowano hipotezę o wpływie aktywizowania stereotypu płci na poziom empatyzowania i systematyzowania (w pomiarze zadaniowym oraz samoopisowym). W obu badaniach i obu typach pomiaru kobiety w sposób spójny uzyskały wyniki wyższe od mężczyzn w wymiarze empatyzowania (o umiarkowanej sile efektu). Nie wykazano efektu wpływu zmiennej aprobaty społecznej na wielkość różnic płciowych w zakresie empatyzowania. Jednak aktywizowanie stereotypu płci sprawiło, że kobiety starały się prezentować jako bardziej empatyczne. Dodatkowo aktywizowanie stereotypu płci doprowadziło – wyłącznie u mężczyzn – do polepszenia wykonania zadania mierzącego tendencję do systematyzowania.
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