The analysis of magnetic particle dynamics in a rotating magnetic field and the exploration of the magnetic agglomeration mechanism are crucial for effectively reducing agglomeration in strong magnetic minerals and improving sorting efficiency. The forces acting on magnetic particles in a rotating magnetic field were analyzed in this study. A 3D model was built to simulate the complex interaction between two magnetic particles in a rotating magnetic field using COMSOL Multiphysics finite element simulation software. It shows that the number of periods of change in the spiral period, velocity, and acceleration remains consistent under different conditions. Additionally, their period numbers are positively correlated with magnetic field rotational speed, medium viscosity, and the initial particle spacing, and negatively correlated with magnetic field strength. Under various conditions, the larger the area of the velocity-closed surface in the same cycle, the larger the helical diameter of the particle trajectory. The initial acceleration of the particles exhibits a positive correlation with the strength of the magnetic field, a negative correlation with the viscosity of the medium and the initial distance, and no significant relationship with the rotational speed of the magnetic field. For further research on the dynamics of magnetic particles and the refinement of the mechanism of magnetic agglomeration, the results have an important theoretical reference value.