The strength of a particle is one of the most crucial characteristics within a comminution process due to the mechanical stresses experienced by each particle. In this study, the K9 glass spheres and ceramic spheres were subjected to a breakage test. The test includes the compression up to breakage of 240 particles to obtain the distribution of the breakage probability depending on the crushing force and breakage energy. The breakage test was conducted for five particle size fractions from each individual material. Thus obtained 10 crushing force distributions and corresponding 10 breakage energy distributions were fitted with lognormal distribution function. The parameters in the lognormal were analyzed including the effect of the material and particle size. Following this, the relationship between the crushing force and breakage energy was analyzed based on the Hertzian elastic contacts model and Tomas’s elastic-plastic contact model, respectively. Additionally, particle strength in terms of crushing force and breakage energy were compared and found to be size dependent. Finally, a simple transformation algorithm of distributions is developed. According to this algorithm the crushing force distribution can be transformed into breakage energy distribution and vice versa. The findings facilitate a better understanding of the particle strength distribution under compression and will help to improve the comminution process design, control and optimization.