In this study, the coagulation and flocculation behavior of fine chromite particles was investigated as a function of surface roughness produced by the grinding process under different conditions. The specific contribution of surface roughness was evaluated using both experimental and theoretical approaches. In the experimental section, after the samples were ground in ball and rod mills, the particle size distribution was measured with a Malvern particle size analyzer, and surface roughness was characterized by optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Following physical characterization, coagulation tests were conducted using settling experiments with NaCl and CaCl₂ as coagulants. Subsequently, the flocculation performance was evaluated using the same experimental procedure with anionic (ENFLOC 5250AV, ECS Chemistry Co., Istanbul, Türkiye) and cationic floccu-lants (ENFLOC 425CA, ECS Chemistry Co., Istanbul, Türkiye). In addition to the experimental stud-ies, theoretical analyses were conducted to support the experimental findings by calculating energy barrier heights. In conclusion, results from samples with varying surface roughness show that in-creasing surface roughness significantly affects the coagulation and flocculation behavior of fine chromite particles, a critical factor for subsequent processing.