Journal of Undergraduate Research International is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to serving undergraduate students by providing a platform to publish their scientific and engineering research findings while ensuring the highest standards of academic integrity and professionalism. The journal is envisioned as a leading international, multidisciplinary undergraduate research journal that provides students with a supportive environment to develop their research skills, explore their passions, and build their confidence, enabling them to excel in their academic pursuits and contribute meaningfully to global knowledge in the future.