Product prediction and process parameter optimization in the production process of activated carbon are very important for production. It can stabilize product quality and improve the economic efficiency of enterprises. In this paper, three process parameters of a carbonization furnace, namely feeding rate, rotation speed, and carbonization temperature, were adopted to build a quality optimization model for carbonized materials. First, an orthogonal test was designed to obtain the preliminary relationship between the process parameters and the quality indicators of a carbonized material and prepare data for modeling. Then, an improved SVR model was developed to establish the relationship between product quality indicators and process parameters. Finally, through the single-factor experiments and the Monte Carlo method, the process parameters affecting the quality of a carbonized material were determined and optimized. This showed that a high-quality carbonized material could be obtained with a smaller feeding rate, larger rotation speed, and higher carbonization furnace temperature. The quality of activated carbon reached its maximum when the feeding rate was 1.0 t/h, the rotation speed was 90 r/h, and the temperature was 836C. It can effectively improve the quality of carbonized materials.